11/27/2017 0 Comments Endurance Athlete Ketogenic DietHow To Use Fat As Fuel. Eating fat to burn fat sounds contradictory, if not nuts, right? The world is full of people who are fat because of high- fat diets, so why would a fit person want to follow suit? I'm not talking about stuffing your face full of peanut butter cups. I'm talking about following a ketogenic diet—or, put simply, a high- fat, moderate- protein, carbohydrate- restricted diet designed to make the body burn fat for fuel. Bodybuilders, fitness enthusiasts, and researchers alike have found that such diets are an effective fat- loss tool. In fact, studies have shown that ketogenic diets induce numerous favorable metabolic and physiological changes, including weight loss, less oxidative stress, improved body composition, reduced inflammation, and increased insulin sensitivity.? Shouldn't athletes be swilling Gatorade before, during, and after their events instead of adopting a high- fat, restricted- carbohydrate diet? Ketogenic diets have become increasingly popular among athletes ranging from olympic competitors to endurance runners, with good reason. Not necessarily. Ketogenic diets have become increasingly popular among athletes ranging from Olympic competitors to endurance runners, with good reason. Let's take a closer look at the science. What Exactly Is A Ketogenic Diet, Anyway? Ketogenic diets are very high- fat, moderate- protein, carbohydrate- restricted diets. So, you're probably thinking, all I need to do then is watch out for the carbs, right? Not exactly. Ketogenic diets are not the same as high- protein, carbohydrate- restricted diets. I often hear people use these terms interchangeably, but the diets differ quite a bit in their metabolism. Even when you've reduced carbs and bumped up your fat, too much protein can actually be a problem. When it comes to energy, the body prefers to break down fats or carbohydrates for fuel and save protein for other processes, like building muscle. The body can only metabolize a certain amount of protein at one time, so when consumed in large quantities, excess protein has the possibility of being converted to energy, a process called gluconeogenesis. For example, protein can be converted to energy during periods of prolonged exercise, or while exercising in a fasted state. In a ketogenic diet, too much protein could blunt any fat- adaptive responses. Similar to how ingesting carbohydrates can induce an insulin response, too much protein can also trigger a high insulin response. It's a key hormone for many metabolic processes. For example, it ensures the necessary cells receive glucose for energy and plays a big role in fat metabolism. However, when insulin is too high, fat metabolism drastically slows down. So, when too much insulin is released at one time—after a very high carbohydrate or protein meal, for example—the body turns to carbohydrate- derived energy as its main source of fuel (glucose), reduces the signal to use fat for energy, and goes into fat storage mode. It might seem counterintuitive to eat fat if you're trying to use stored fat for energy, but dietary fat does not induce the high levels of insulin secretion seen with a very high- carb meal. Therefore, when the body is relying less on glucose and more on fat for energy (i. Ultimately, this allows the body to continue efficiently accessing fat stores for energy. Bottom line: consuming too much protein on a higher- fat diet can prevent your body from using stored fat for energy. The same goes for eating too many carbs on a higher fat diet. To be successful with the ketogenic diet, the majority of your calories should come from fat—not protein, not carbohydrates. Keto- adaptation refers to the body's ability to adapt to using ketones—small lipid- derived molecules produced in the liver—and fatty acids instead of glucose as its primary energy sources. It takes the body a few weeks to switch to a high- fat diet, and it is this switch that causes the sluggish response. Once you are keto- adapted, your energy levels return to normal and may even be higher than they were on a high- carb diet. Contrary to the popular belief that certain systems can only use carbohydrates for energy, several major organs, including the brain, are able to adapt quite well to using ketones on a well- formulated high- fat, low- carbohydrate diet. In addition, ensuring proper calorie intake and electrolyte balance can drastically reduce those initial symptoms. And, even if you do get the so- called . One often- overlooked component of the diet is ensuring adequate sodium. Sufficient sodium levels can greatly improve symptoms and help mitigate those initial feelings of headaches, lethargy, and nausea. Whether you're looking for something to take with you as you head out the door, or a quick snack you can throw together in your kitchen, here are some great keto- approved options: Nuts: Almonds, pecans, macadamia nuts and walnuts. Cheeses: Mozzarella, cheddar, goat, Swiss, and blue cheese. Avocados. Pork rinds. Deviled eggs. Cream cheese and berries. Pepperoni slices. Cold cuts and cheese roll- ups. Veggies (green and red peppers or cucumbers) with Ranch dressing. Celery with cream cheese. Additionally, the body undergoes numerous metabolic changes as a result of the diet. Adaptation to ketogenic diets has been linked with decreases in resting blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, lower triglycerides, and increases in HDL levels—all of which would be beneficial for improving heart health and for those with type 2 diabetes. In these diets, glucose is used as the primary energy source for the body. As many know, that's not true. But how low carb can you go -- and are there even benefits from. The Ketogenic Diet: Does it live up to the hype? The pros, the cons, and the facts about this not-so-new diet craze. Endurance athletes who 'go against the grain' become incredible fat-burners Elite performance on a diet with minimal carbs represents a paradigm shift in sports nutrition. Takes an inside look at the low-carb ketogenic diet, and it's 3 variations: standard, cyclical and targeted keto dieting. Guide includes sample eating plans and recipes. However, when the body doesn't need that energy, such as during periods of inactivity, a small amount of glucose is converted to glycogen (stored energy) and stored in the muscle and liver, while the majority of glucose is converted to fat. The average human can only store about 2,0. While the effects on performance have been less researched, a growing number of elite athletes have successfully switched to a low carb lifestyle and maintained their high level performance. We show you how to keep the pounds dropping and even give you a sample ketogenic. Top reasons you are not losing weight on a low-carb, ketogenic diet and the most common weight loss mistakes. Mark Sisson is the bestselling author of The Primal Blueprint, a former world-class endurance athlete, and one of the leading voices of the burgeoning Evolutionary. What research has shown so far is that muscle glycogen levels appear to decrease on a high- fat diet during the first few weeks, but the body turns to more efficient utilization of fat for energy, and therefore reliance on muscle glycogen decreases. This fact is made evident by the growing number of keto- adapted, elite level, endurance athletes that are thriving in global events and setting course records. For example, the influence ketogenic diets have on high- intensity exercise, power production, supplementation, and recovery is still unclear, but research is active and ongoing in these areas. Further insight into these topics will hopefully expand our knowledge and understanding of these profound and compelling dietary profiles and how they could aid an athletic population. References. Shimazu T, Hirschey MD, Newman J, et al. Suppression of oxidative stress by ?- hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor. Volek JS, Quann EE, Forsythe CE. Low- Carbohydrate Diets Promote a More Favorable Body Composition Than Low- Fat Diets. Strength Cond J. 2. Forsythe C, Phinney S, Fernandez M, et al. Comparison of low fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation. Ballard KD, Quann EE, Kupchak BR, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, microvascular function, and cellular adhesion markers in individuals taking statins. Masino SA, Rho JM. Mechanisms of ketogenic diet action. SUPPL. 5): 8. 5. Boisjoyeux B, Chanez M, Azzout B, Peret J. Comparison between starvation and consumption of a high protein diet: plasma insulin and glucagon and hepatic activities of gluconeogenic enzymes during the first 2. Diabete Metab. 1. Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Phinney SD. Ketogenic diets and physical performance. Nutr Metab (Lond). Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, et al. Low- carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2. Volek JS, Noakes T, Phinney SD. Rethinking fat as a fuel for endurance exercise. Eur J Sport Sci. 2. Phinney SD, Bistrian BR, Evans WJ, Gervino E, Blackburn GL. The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: Preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism. 1. 98. Cahill GF. Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2. Nehlig A. Brain uptake and metabolism of ketone bodies in animal models. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fat Acids. Arora SK, Mc. Farlane SI. The case for low carbohydrate diets in diabetes management. Nutr Metab (Lond). Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, et al. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate- restricted diet. Paoli A, Grimaldi K, D'Agostino D, et al. Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in elite artistic gymnasts. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. Laffel L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. Newman JC, Verdin E. Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends Endocrinol Metab. Misra S, Oliver NS. Utility of ketone measurement in the prevention, diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis.
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